Archaeological Exploration of Teotihuacán
As early as the late 1800's archaeological investigations of the site of Teotihuacán where taking place. But it wasn't until the late 19th century that the entire site was revealed through topographical surveys and extensive excavations. Today, archaeologists provide a number of different theories as to how this city became so large in size and productive. One arguement is based on the location of Teotihuacán. Since it is located near a number of natural springs, it is believed by some archaeologists that the city was able to expand due to the construction of irrigation canals and the ability to control water.
More widely accepted however, is the idea that Teotihuacán grew to such a large urban center based on the manufacturing of obsidian, which is an abundent raw material in this area. Backing this up is the fact that numerous artifacts have been unearthed at this site including knifes, military weapons, and ornamental masks and jewerly all containing obsidian. Obsidian was taken from the San Juan River and the near-by Pachuca, allowing the manufacturing of a variety of obsidians including gray and green.
The reasons for how or why this site grew so large in size may never be know, but what hasn't been argued is the religous significance of this site. Constructed on a grid-like layout, the architectual remains have revealed why this site was considered by later cultures as the City of the Gods.
